Lifecycle Assessment of Green Technologies: A Comprehensive Analysis of Environmental Impacts from Production to Disposal

Abstract

The shift towards a cleaner, low-carbon future relies heavily on the use of green technologies such as solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicles (EVs), and energy storage systems. These technologies play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and lowering our dependence on fossil fuels. However, they are not completely free of environmental impacts. From the mining of raw materials to the manufacturing process, daily operation, and final disposal, each stage of their lifecycle involves energy use, resource consumption, and emissions.

This research explores the environmental impacts of key green technologies through a comprehensive lifecycle assessment (LCA), which examines every stage of their existence — from resource extraction to end-of-life recycling or disposal. The findings show that while these technologies offer major environmental benefits during their operation, especially in terms of reducing GHG emissions, significant impacts occur during the early stages of production and material processing. To make green technologies more sustainable overall, strategies such as improved recycling methods, eco-friendly product design, the use of renewable energy in manufacturing, and the adoption of circular economy principles are essential. By addressing these challenges, green technologies can deliver even greater environmental benefits and contribute more effectively to a truly sustainable future.

Key words: Green Technologies, Environmental Impacts, lifecycle assessment (LCA), sustainable energy, batteries,